Structure of earnings

Temporary employees less paid per hour.

In 2018, mean hourly earnings for temporary employees is 29.7% less than those of permanent employees. The negative gap rises to 31.1% for part-timers compared to full-timers.

Women earn less than men. The gender pay gap (6.2% in favor of men) widens among Managers (27.3%) and employees with a tertiary education (18%).

Higher levels of education, better skills, longer length of service and higher age lead to higher earnings. Earnings are higher in larger enterprises and in some economic activities.