In 2012, in current price terms, Italy\u2019s gross domestic expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) was 20.5 billion euro. It increased by 3.5% compared to 2011. In constant price terms, it increased by 1.9%.<\/p>\n
GERD represented 1.26% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), updated according to the new system of national accounts (ESA 2010). There was an increase compared to 2011 (1.21%).<\/p>\n
In current price terms business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) increased by 2.6%, accounting for 54.2% of total R&D spent in 2012. Government\u2019s expenditure on R&D grew by 14.6% (14.8% of total R&D spent in 2012). R&D expenditure in the higher education sector recorded an increase by 1.4% (28.0%). The private no profit sector decreased by 8.4% (3.0%).<\/p>\n
Compared to 2011, current expenditure on intramural R&D rose in all geographical areas. In the North-West \u00a0area it was +1.8% and in the North-East +6.3%. In 2012 these two areas accounted for 60.6% of GERD. Increases were also recorded in Central Italy (+2.3%) and in the South and Islands area (+5.3%).<\/p>\n
In 2012, the number of public and private employees involved in R&D activities (measured in terms of \u201cfull-time equivalent units\u201d) amounted to 240,179 units; it increased by 5.3% compared to 2011.<\/p>\n
R&D personnel increased in business enterprises (+6.8%), public institutions (+4.7%), private no profit institutions (+3.8%), the higher education sector (+3.4%).<\/p>\n
The number of researchers (in terms of full-time equivalents) was 110,695 units, a 4.3%increase\u00a0 compared to 2011.<\/p>\n
Provisional data for 2013 showed a decrease in GERD both in current terms (-1.5% compared to 2012) and a decrease of 2.9% in constant price terms.<\/p>\n
Provisional data for 2014 showed a decrease of 1.9% in public institutions and an increase of 1.4% in BERD (not available forecast data for the universities).<\/p>\n
The Italy\u2019s Government support for R&D activities, measured by the Government budget appropriations or outlay for R&D (GBAORD), amounting to 8.3 billion euro for 2013 (initial forecasts of expenditure), were down compared to the forecast expenditure settled in 2012 (8.8 billion euro).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In 2012, in current price terms, Italy\u2019s gross domestic expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) was 20.5 billion euro. It increased by 3.5% compared to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4082],"tags":[3467,3449,3268,3847,3354,3355,2969,3188,3413],"regione":[],"tema":[4057,4067,4069,4068],"class_list":["post-20230","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-press-release","tag-enterprises","tag-innovation","tag-institutions","tag-rd","tag-research-development","tag-researchers","tag-report","tag-technology","tag-university-2","tema-enterprises","tema-industry-and-construction","tema-public-administrations","tema-services"],"meta_fields":{"data_pubblicazione":"20141204","descrizioneperiodo":"Year 2012","titolobreve":"Research and development in Italy","news":"In 2012 gross domestic product expenditure on R&D percentage was 1.26%","news_rss":"","sottotitolo":""},"acf":[],"wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":[],"tags-info":[{"id":3467,"label":"enterprises","slug":"enterprises"},{"id":3449,"label":"innovation","slug":"innovation"},{"id":3268,"label":"institutions","slug":"institutions"},{"id":3847,"label":"R D","slug":"rd"},{"id":3354,"label":"research and development","slug":"research-development"},{"id":3355,"label":"researchers","slug":"researchers"},{"id":2969,"label":"statistics report","slug":"report"},{"id":3188,"label":"technology","slug":"technology"},{"id":3413,"label":"university","slug":"university-2"}],"categories-info":[{"id":4082,"label":"Press release","slug":"press-release"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20230"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20230\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118722,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20230\/revisions\/118722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20230"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20230"},{"taxonomy":"regione","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regione?post=20230"},{"taxonomy":"tema","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tema?post=20230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}