{"id":125597,"date":"2026-05-06T12:25:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-06T10:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/?p=125597"},"modified":"2026-05-06T12:25:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-06T10:25:26","slug":"physical-energy-flows-pefa-years-2008-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/informative-system-and-data-warehouse\/physical-energy-flows-pefa-years-2008-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Physical energy flows (Pefa) &#8211; Years 2008-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>On May 6 2026, Istat updated its <a href=\"https:\/\/esploradati.istat.it\/databrowser\/#\/en\/dw\/categories\/IT1,DATAWAREHOUSE,1.0\/UP_ACC_AMBIEN\/UP_DCCN_PEFA\">data warehouse<\/a> \u2013 \u2018National Accounts\u2019 theme, \u2018Environmental Accounts\u2019 sub-theme, \u2018Physical Energy Flow Accounts (PEFA)\u2019 section \u2013 with the 2008-2024 time series for the Physical Energy Flow Accounts (PEFA) for the Italian economy, expressed in terajoules (tj).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PEFA allows analyzing the interactions between natural system and anthropic system by providing a complete representation (consistent with the system of national economic accounts) of energy flowing from environment to economy, within the economy and from economy to environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This edition updates estimates of energy flows for the years 2008\u20132023 and add ex novo those for the year 2024. In coherence with the most recent data from PEFA, Air Emissions Inventory (AEA), and Value Added, the time series for the indicators \u201cEnergy intensity of value added\u201d and \u201cCO2 emission intensity of energy consumption\u201d have also been updated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2024, the energy flowing into the national economy amounted is about 7.4 million terajoules (-3.1% compared to 2023), of which 18.0% is made up of by energy withdrawals from the Italian natural environment (+5.6%) and 81.0% of imports of energy products (-4.9%). The energy flowing out the national economic system is about 7.3 million terajoules (-3.2%), of which 19.2% is in the form of exports of energy products (-11.6%) and 80.8% is returned to the natural environment in the form of degraded and no longer usable energy (-1.0%). This last item (energy residues released into the environment) represents the energy dissipated and dispersed by resident units (households and industries) for the functioning of the Italian economic system and is also known as \u201c<em>Net domestic energy use for energy purposes<\/em>\u201d (<em>NDEU_energy<\/em>), the indicator used to calculate \u201cEnergy intensity of value added\u201d and \u201cCO2 emission intensity of energy consumption.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The net energy accumulation in the economic system, measured as the difference between the energy flowing into and out of the national economy, is approximately 0.1 million terajoules. This aggregate can also be calculated by adding, in energy terms, the &#8216;stock changes of energy products&#8217; (accumulated for use in another period) plus the &#8216;energy products used for non-energy purposes&#8217; (to produce non-energy products such as plastic, bitumen, chemicals, etc., or to lubricate gears) minus &#8216;non-energy products used for energy purposes&#8217; (e.g., incinerated waste used to produce electricity and heat, or chemicals used to produce gas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The non-energy use of energy products, also colled &#8216;&#8221;<em>Net domestic energy use for non-energy purposes<\/em>&#8221; (<em>NDEU_non energy<\/em>), contributes together with <em>NDEU_energy<\/em> to determining the total energy consumption of resident units (<em>NDEU: Net domestic energy use<\/em>), which is&nbsp; the main indicator derivable from PEFA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <em>NDEU<\/em> in 2024 amounts to 6.3 million terajoules (-0.5% compared to 2023). Of this consumption:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>33.2% is accounted for by households (for own-account transportation, heating and cooling, hot water and cooking, lighting and appliances), and the remainder by production activities. Compared to 2023, energy consumption increased by 2.8% in households, both for domestic uses (+0.8%) and for own-account transport (+5.1%), while it decreased by 2.1% in production activities;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20.3% comes from renewable energy sources (+5.9% compared to 2023);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3.8% is for non-energy purposes (<em>NDEU_non energy<\/em>);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>80.4% is air emission-relevant as it is carried out by combustion (-2.5% compared to 2023).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>PEFA data are &#8211; by construction &#8211; comparable with economic data of National Accounts and with other environmental accounts, resulting particularly suitable to using in integrated environmental and economic analysis. In 2024:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the \u2018<em>Energy intensity of GDP<\/em>\u2019 (ratio of <em>NDEU<\/em> to GDP) decreases by 1.3% compared to 2023, reaching 3.2 terajoules per million euro of GDP;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the \u2018<em>Energy intensity of value added<\/em>\u2019 (ratio of <em>NDEU_energy<\/em> to value added), calculated with reference to total production activities, is 2.2 terajoules per million euro of value added, 3.4% less than the previous year, with significant differences between individual production activities (-7.3% for Agriculture, -3.4% for Industry, and -2.9% for Services);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the \u2018CO2 emission intensity of energy consumption\u2019 (ratio of CO2 emissions to NDEU_energy) decreases by 1.3% compared to 2023 for the whole economy (settling at 53.7 tonnes of CO2 per terajoule of energy consumption) and by 2.0% for total production activities (56.1 t.CO2\/Tj in 2024, with very different annual variations for individual activities both in sign and value: -2.2% for Agriculture, -3.6% for Industry and +2.2% for Services), while it increases by 0.8% for households (49.1 t.CO2\/Tj).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information, please refer to the metadata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For information<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Directorate for national accounts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Giusy Vetrella<br>tel. +39 06 4673 3236<br><a href=\"mailto:vetrella@istat.it\">vetrella@istat.it<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Silvia Zannoni<br>tel. +39 06 4673 3109<br><a href=\"mailto:zannoni@istat.it\">zannoni@istat.it<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 2008-2024 time series for the Physical Energy Flows Accounts (PEFA) has also been updated. In 2024, the &#8220;Net domestic energy use&#8221; (NDEU) decreased by 0.5% while the &#8220;Energy intensity of GDP&#8221; and the &#8220;CO2 emission intensity of energy consumption&#8221; fell by 1.3%<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4179],"tags":[3544,3192,3857,3219,3886,3918,3238,3112,3858,3859,3920,3887,3888,3397,3415],"regione":[],"tema":[4058,4065],"class_list":["post-125597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informative-system-and-data-warehouse","tag-accounting","tag-accounts","tag-air-emissions","tag-energy","tag-energy-accounts","tag-energy-flows-en","tag-energy-sources","tag-environment-2","tag-environmental-pressures","tag-material-flows","tag-namea-en","tag-pefa-en","tag-physical-flows-en","tag-sustainable-development-2","tag-value-added","tema-environment-and-energy","tema-national-accounts"],"meta_fields":{"data_pubblicazione":"","descrizioneperiodo":"","titolobreve":"","news":"","news_rss":"","sottotitolo":""},"acf":[],"wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":[],"tags-info":[{"id":3544,"label":"accounting","slug":"accounting"},{"id":3192,"label":"accounts","slug":"accounts"},{"id":3857,"label":"air emissions","slug":"air-emissions"},{"id":3219,"label":"energy","slug":"energy"},{"id":3886,"label":"energy accounts","slug":"energy-accounts"},{"id":3918,"label":"energy flows","slug":"energy-flows-en"},{"id":3238,"label":"energy sources","slug":"energy-sources"},{"id":3112,"label":"environment","slug":"environment-2"},{"id":3858,"label":"environmental pressures","slug":"environmental-pressures"},{"id":3859,"label":"material flows","slug":"material-flows"},{"id":3920,"label":"NAMEA","slug":"namea-en"},{"id":3887,"label":"Pefa","slug":"pefa-en"},{"id":3888,"label":"physical flows","slug":"physical-flows-en"},{"id":3397,"label":"sustainable development","slug":"sustainable-development-2"},{"id":3415,"label":"value added","slug":"value-added"}],"categories-info":[{"id":4179,"label":"Informative system and data warehouse","slug":"informative-system-and-data-warehouse"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125597"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":125599,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125597\/revisions\/125599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125597"},{"taxonomy":"regione","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/regione?post=125597"},{"taxonomy":"tema","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tema?post=125597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}