{"id":2289,"date":"2023-11-10T15:46:23","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T14:46:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/?page_id=2289"},"modified":"2024-06-18T15:57:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-18T13:57:31","slug":"ontologies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/classifications-and-tools\/ontologies\/","title":{"rendered":"Ontologies"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Therefore, a&nbsp;<strong>computational<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>ontology<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 for a domain of interest \u2013 is a representation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>formal,<\/strong>&nbsp;expressed in a symbolic non ambiguous language that can be processed by computers;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>shared,<\/strong>&nbsp;resulting from the approval of a plurality, the widest possible, of domain experts;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>explicit,<\/strong>&nbsp;every assumption is made as explicit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The main advantages of the representation of the domains of interest through ontologies are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>conceptual representation not requiring the knowledge of how data are physically organized;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>high expressivity, a concept is not a list of attributes but is the recursive composition of logical constructs (intersection, union, complement, disjunction or enumeration of several concepts);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>availability of automatic reasoning tools, more complete and exhaustive information are achievable and more complex and efficient searches can be carried out;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sharing of knowledge and common vocabularies, achieving semantic interoperability between human-to-human, human- to-machine and machine-to-machine;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>separation between the domain knowledge and the operational knowledge.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The formal language that we used to model the ontologies is OWL \u2013&nbsp;Web Ontology Language that is a W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ontologies are published in several serialization formats including RDF-XML, Turtle and Json-ld formats.<\/p>\n\n\n    <section class=\"gblock post_grid white-bg  py-0\"  aria-labelledby=\"section-1\"><div class=\"container p-lg-0 block_count_1\" data-blockcount=\"1\"><div class=\"row pb-2\">    <div class=\"post-grid-container position-relative col-12\">\r\n                    <div class=\"row pb-2 align-items-center\">\r\n                <div class=\"col-12 mb-1 col-md-8\">\r\n                    <h2 id=\"section-1\"><span class=\"title-icon\">\r\n                                                    <\/span>\r\n                        Ontology                    <\/h2>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                    <div class=\"col-12 col-md-4 text-end grid_read_all_link\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"\/en\/?s=&#038;filter_category[]=4105&#038;sort=date\" \r\n                                aria-label=\"Read more\">\r\n                                <span>\r\n                                    Read more                                <\/span>\r\n                            <\/a>\r\n                                            <\/div>\r\n                                <div class=\"col-12\">\r\n                    <div class=\"border-separator\"><\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n                <!-- Slider container start -->\r\n        <div class=\"row d-flex rowstile1 mode_grid count_1\" data-slides=\"3\" data-loop=\"0\">\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-4 py-3 element \" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"rounded h-100 news-container p-3 grigio-light-bg template_testuale\">\r\n                        <div class=\"row h-100\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"text_content col-12 d-flex flex-column justify-content-start \">\r\n                                    <div class=\"mb-2 azzurro d-inline-flex align-items-center flex-wrap g-4\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"me-2 mb-2 data\">\r\n                                            04 December 2019                                        <\/span>\r\n                                        <a class=\"tagncat me-2 mb-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/documents\/ontology\/\" aria-label=\"tipologia Ontology\">Ontology<\/a>                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <h3 class=\"cardtitle petrolio\" style=\"height:3.9em;\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/ontology\/ontology-on-people-and-households-cpv_ap-it\/\" class=\"text-decoration-none petrolio\">Ontology on people and households  (CPV_AP-IT)<\/a>\r\n                                    <\/h3>\r\n                                    <div class=\"cardtext\">\r\n                                        The ontology CPV_AP-IT is the Italian application profile on people. This ontology describes People, their place of residence, their place of birth and households. People [&hellip;]                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <a class=\"read_more linkazzurro mt-auto pt-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/ontology\/ontology-on-people-and-households-cpv_ap-it\/\" aria-label=\"Read Ontology on people and households  (CPV_AP-IT)\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"read_more_icon\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa28 pe-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span title=\"Ontology on people and households  (CPV_AP-IT)\" class=\"read_more_label\">Read                                            <span class=\"GoAway\">\r\n                                                Ontology on people and households  (CPV_AP-IT)                                            <\/span>\r\n                                        <\/span>\r\n                                    <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-4 py-3 element \" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"rounded h-100 news-container p-3 grigio-light-bg template_testuale\">\r\n                        <div class=\"row h-100\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"text_content col-12 d-flex flex-column justify-content-start \">\r\n                                    <div class=\"mb-2 azzurro d-inline-flex align-items-center flex-wrap g-4\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"me-2 mb-2 data\">\r\n                                            04 December 2019                                        <\/span>\r\n                                        <a class=\"tagncat me-2 mb-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/documents\/ontology\/\" aria-label=\"tipologia Ontology\">Ontology<\/a>                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <h3 class=\"cardtitle petrolio\" style=\"height:3.9em;\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/ontology\/italian-core-location-vocabulary-ontology-clv_ap-it\/\" class=\"text-decoration-none petrolio\">CLV_AP-IT Ontology<\/a>\r\n                                    <\/h3>\r\n                                    <div class=\"cardtext\">\r\n                                        CLV_AP-IT ontology is the Application Profile of the Italian Core Location Vocabulary. The ontology is the result of the joint work between Istat, Italian Revenue [&hellip;]                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <a class=\"read_more linkazzurro mt-auto pt-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/ontology\/italian-core-location-vocabulary-ontology-clv_ap-it\/\" aria-label=\"Read CLV_AP-IT Ontology\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"read_more_icon\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa28 pe-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span title=\"CLV_AP-IT Ontology\" class=\"read_more_label\">Read                                            <span class=\"GoAway\">\r\n                                                CLV_AP-IT Ontology                                            <\/span>\r\n                                        <\/span>\r\n                                    <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                                                            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-4 py-3 element \" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n                                        <div class=\"rounded h-100 news-container p-3 grigio-light-bg template_testuale\">\r\n                        <div class=\"row h-100\">\r\n                                                                                        <div class=\"text_content col-12 d-flex flex-column justify-content-start \">\r\n                                    <div class=\"mb-2 azzurro d-inline-flex align-items-center flex-wrap g-4\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"me-2 mb-2 data\">\r\n                                            22 June 2018                                        <\/span>\r\n                                        <a class=\"tagncat me-2 mb-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/documents\/ontology\/\" aria-label=\"tipologia Ontology\">Ontology<\/a>                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <h3 class=\"cardtitle petrolio\" style=\"height:3.9em;\">\r\n                                                                                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/ontology\/generic-gsim-sum-ontology\/\" class=\"text-decoration-none petrolio\">Generic GSIM-SUM ontology<\/a>\r\n                                    <\/h3>\r\n                                    <div class=\"cardtext\">\r\n                                        The GSIM-SUM ontology is the Istat profiling version of the GSIM ontology that was developed by Istat and the French Institute of Statistics (Insee). The [&hellip;]                                    <\/div>\r\n                                    <a class=\"read_more linkazzurro mt-auto pt-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/ontology\/generic-gsim-sum-ontology\/\" aria-label=\"Read Generic GSIM-SUM ontology\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"read_more_icon\"><i class=\"fa fa-arrow-circle-right fa28 pe-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span title=\"Generic GSIM-SUM ontology\" class=\"read_more_label\">Read                                            <span class=\"GoAway\">\r\n                                                Generic GSIM-SUM ontology                                            <\/span>\r\n                                        <\/span>\r\n                                    <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                    <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n                    <\/div>\r\n        <!-- Slider container end -->\r\n            <\/div>\r\n    <\/div><\/div><\/section>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The term ontology means a formal representation of the real world that \u201ctranslates\u201d the natural language (ambiguous by its nature) into a formal (unambiguous) language that can be used for the creation of integrated information systems.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8375,"parent":2266,"menu_order":16,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2289","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2289"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2289\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":68244,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2289\/revisions\/68244"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.istat.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}